介词短语
介词不能单独担任一个成分,必须构成介词短语来担任一个成分。能和介词构成短语的有下面这些:
1)名词:
Who's knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
I put the calculator into my pocket. 我把计算器放到口袋里。
2)代词:
I'm looking for something (her). 我在找东西(她)。
You're always thinking of others. 你总是为别人着想。
3)动名词:
Are you interested in going with us? 你有兴趣和我们一道去吗?
I strongly object to your saying that. 我坚决反对你这样说话。
4)由连接代(副)词或关系代词型what引导的从句:
He thought over what he had better do. 他想了想他最好怎么办。
She was grateful to him for what he had done. 她为他所做的事而感激他。
5)由连接代(副)词引导的不定式短语:
She gave a talk on how to fight the disease. 她作了一个报告,讲如何同这种疾病作斗争。
The discussion centered on how to increase production. 讨论围绕着如何增产而进行。
6)另一个介词:
I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面看到她。
We never play bridge until after dinner. 我们只在晚饭后打桥牌。
7)副词或形容词:
I heard someone calling me from below. 我听见有人在下面叫我。
My English is far from perfect. 我的英语远不是完美的。
8)复合结构:
I had no objection to Dinny marrying him. 我不反对丁呢和他结婚。
The policy of land to the tillers was finally put into effect. 最后实行了耕者有其田的政策。
在个别情况下,介词后面还可跟where和that引导的从句(a),甚至跟带to或不带to的不定式(b):
a. The car stopped only a few inches from where I stood. 汽车在离我站的地方仅几英寸处停了下来。
He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.他是一个好学生,只是有时粗心大意。
b. I had no alternative but to walk out. 我别无他法只好走出去。
She can do everything except cook. 她什么都会,就是不会做饭。
介词后的宾语可成为介词宾语(Prepositional Object)。
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