英语专业四级语法课堂:It句型
It 句型
1. Basic structure:
There + be + subject + adverbial
2. Non-finite structure
There to be --------- for ; Verb
There being ---------in,on….; noun; adverbial
There being a lawn extends from the river to the house.
There is a lawn extending from the river to the house.
There extends a lawn from the house to the river.
From the house to the river lies a lawn.
From the wall comes the voice of the doctor.
It:
1. Reference it:
Beijing is a big city. It is the capital of China.
2. Non-reference it
A. Empty it
B. Anticipatory it
C. Cleft it
It 句型包括由“非指代性it”作型式主语的三种句子:第一种是以it作形式主语的表示时间、距离、天气等意义的句子;第二种是以it作先行主语的句子;第三种是以it作引导词的分裂句。
Empty it
虚义it是一种非指代性it,以区别于人称代词it,常用作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。也用来表示一般的笼统的情况。也用于一些结构及习惯语中。
Eg.
It’s fine today, isn’t it.
It was dull when Mary was away.
It looks as if the college is very small.
Hop it. (Go away)
it用来充当形式主语或形式宾语,后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、动名词或名词性分句。It的这种用法叫作先行it。
eg.
It is quite important for us to form a good studying habit.
I think it important to finish the task in time.
it用来充当形式主语,后置的真正主语往往可以取代先行it的位置,出现在句首。
Eg. To form a good studying habit is quite important for us
并非所有先行it结构都可转化,下边句子只能作如下转化。
eg.
It seems that John is not coming after all.
John doesn’t seem to be coming after all.
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